Today we will discuss about engine and types of engine used in automobile. Any device which can convert heat energy of fuel into
mechanical energy is known as engine or heat engine. Engine is widely used in
automobile industries or we can say that engine is the heart of an automobile.
Basically engine may be classified into two types.
Types of Engine:
1. External combustion (E.C.) Engine
It is an engine in which combustion of fuel take place
outside of the engine. In this type of engine heat, which is generated by
burning of fuel is use to convert the water or other low boiling temperature
fluid into steam. This high pressure steam used to rotate a turbine. In this
engine we can use all solid, liquid and gases fuel. These engines are generally
used in driving locomotive, ships, generation of electric power etc.
Advantages of E.C. engine-
- In these engines starting torque is generally high.
- Because of external combustion we can use cheaper fuels as well as solid fuel.
- They are more flexible compare to internal combustion engines.
2. Internal Combustion (I.C.) Engine
It is an engine in which combustion of fuel take place
inside the engine. When the fuel burns inside the engine cylinder, it generates
a high temperature and pressure. This high pressure force is exerted on the
piston (A device which free to moves inside the cylinder and transmit the
pressure force to crank by use of connecting rod), which used to rotate the
wheels of vehicle. In these engines we can use only gases and high volatile
fuel like petrol, diesel. These engines are generally used in automobile
industries, generation of electric power etc.
Advantages of I.C. engine-
- It has overall high efficiency over E.C. engine.
- These engines are compact and required less space.
- Initial cost of I.C. engine is lower than E.C. engine.
- This engine easily starts in cold because of it uses high volatile fuel.
Types of I.C. Engine
I.C. engine is widely used in automobile industries so it is also known as automobile engine. An automobile engine may be classified in many manners. Today I am going to tell you some important classification of an automobile engine.
According to number
of stroke:
In a two stroke engine a piston moves one time up and down
inside the cylinder and complete one crankshaft revolution during single time
of fuel burn. This type of engine has high torque compare to four stroke
engine. These are generally used in scooters, pumping sets etc.
In a four stroke engine piston moves two times up and down
inside the cylinder and complete two crankshaft revolutions during single time
of fuel burn. This type of engines has high average compare to two stroke
engine. These are generally used in bikes, cars, truck etc.
According to design
of engine:
1. Reciprocating engine (piston engine)
In reciprocating engine the pressure force generate by
combustion of fuel exerted on the piston (A device which free to move in
reciprocation inside the cylinder). So the piston starts reciprocating motion
(too and fro motion). This reciprocating
motion converts into rotary motion by use of crank shaft. So the crank shaft
starts to rotate and rotate the wheels of vehicle. These are generally used in
all automobile.
2. Rotary engine (Wankel engine)
In rotary engine there is a rotor which frees to rotate. The
pressure force generate by burning of fuel is exerted on this rotor so the
rotor rotate and starts to rotate the wheels of vehicle. This engine is
developed by Wankel in 1957. This engine is not used in automobile in present
days.
According to fuel
used:
1. Diesel engine
These engines use diesel as the fuel.
These are used in trucks, buses, cars etc.
2. Petrol engine
These engines use petrol as the fuel. These are used in
bikes, sport cars, luxury cars etc.
3. Gas engine
These engines use CNG and LPG as the fuel. These are used in
some light motor vehicles.
4. Electric engine
It is eco-friendly engine. It doesn’t use any fuel to burn.
It uses electric energy to rotate wheel.
According to method
of ignition:
1. Compression ignition engine
In these types of engines, there is no extra equipment to
burn the fuel. In these engines burning of fuel starts due to temperature rise
during compression of air. So it is known as compression ignition engine.
2. Spark ignition engine
In these types of engines, ignition of fuel start by the
spark, generate inside the cylinder by some extra equipment. So it is known as
spark ignition engine.
According to number
of cylinder:
1. Single cylinder engine
In this type of engines have only one cylinder and one
piston connected to the crank shaft.
2. Multi-cylinder engine
In this type of engines have more than one cylinder and
piston connected to the crank shaft.
According to
arrangement of cylinder:
1. In-line engine
In this type of engines, cylinders are positioned in a
straight line one behind the other along the length of the crankshaft.
2. V-type engine
An engine with two cylinder banks inclined at an angle to each
other and with one crankshaft known as V-type engine.
3. Opposed cylinder engine
An engine with two cylinders banks opposite to each other on
a single crankshaft (V-type engine with 180o angle between banks).
4. W-type engine
An engine same as V-type engine except with three banks of
cylinders on the same crankshaft known as W-type engine.
5. Opposite piston engine
In this type of engine there are two pistons in each
cylinder with the combustion chamber in the center between the pistons. In this
engine a single combustion process causes two power strokes, at the same time.
6. Radial engine
It is an engine with pistons positioned in circular plane
around the central crankshaft. The connecting rods of pistons are connected to
a master rod which, in turn, connected to the crankshaft.
According to air
intake process:
1. Naturally aspirated
In this types of engine intake of air into cylinder occur by
the atmospheric pressure.
2. Supercharged engine
In this type of engine air intake pressure is increased by
the compressor driven by the engine crankshaft.
3. Turbocharged engine
In this type of engine intake air pressure is increase by
use of turbine compressor driven by the exhaust gases of burning fuel.
We have discussed What is Engine? What are Main Types of Engine? If you have any query put down it in comment box.
We have discussed What is Engine? What are Main Types of Engine? If you have any query put down it in comment box.